Frequently Asked Question | FAQ

Model trains come in a variety of scales, which refers to the size of the model relative to the actual train. Each scale is defined by a ratio, with smaller numbers representing larger models. Here are some of the most common scales you’ll find in the model train world:

1. Z Scale (1:220)

   • Size: The smallest scale, where 1 inch in the model represents 220 inches in real life.
   • Why it’s popular: Great for building highly detailed, compact layouts with limited space.

2. N Scale (1:160)

   • Size: A little larger than Z scale, but still small. 1 inch in the model represents 160 inches in real life.
   • Why it’s popular: Ideal for people with space limitations, offering a good balance between detail and size.

3. HO Scale (1:87)

   • Size: One of the most popular scales, where 1 inch in the model equals 87 inches in real life.
   • Why it’s popular: A great balance between size, detail, and availability of products, making it perfect for beginners and experienced modelers alike.

4. OO Scale (1:76)

   • Size: Similar to HO scale, but primarily used in the UK. 1 inch in the model represents 76 inches in real life.
   • Why it’s popular: It’s the standard scale for British model railways, and its popularity in the UK makes it widely available.

5. O Scale (1:48)

   • Size: Larger than HO, with 1 inch in the model representing 48 inches in real life.
   • Why it’s popular: Offers incredible detail and is perfect for those who want to create impressive, larger layouts with more room for creativity.

6. G Scale (1:22.5 or 1:20.3)

   • Size: Larger than O scale, often used for outdoor layouts. 1 inch in the model represents 22.5 or 20.3 inches in real life.
   • Why it’s popular: Ideal for outdoor gardens or large-scale projects, offering a lot of detail in bigger spaces.

7. S Scale (1:64)

   • Size: 1 inch in the model represents 64 inches in real life.
   • Why it’s popular: A less common but growing scale, providing a good middle ground between HO and O scales.

8. T Scale (1:450)

   • Size: An ultra-small scale, where 1 inch in the model represents 450 inches in real life.
   • Why it’s popular: Perfect for tiny layouts, often used for collectors or those creating miniature landscapes.

Which scale is right for you?

• If you have a limited space, N scale or Z scale might be ideal.
• If you want the best balance of detail and size, HO scale is a great option.
• For larger layouts or outdoor setups, O scale or G scale might be the best fit.

The scale you choose depends on your available space, the level of detail you want, and the types of trains or layouts you plan to create.

The main difference between N scale, HO scale, and O scale lies in their size and the level of detail you can achieve, along with how much space they require for layouts. Here’s a breakdown of each:

1. N Scale (1:160)

• Size: N scale models are the smallest of the three, with a ratio of 1:160, meaning that 1 inch on the model represents 160 inches (or about 13.3 feet) in real life.
• Layout Size: N scale is ideal for smaller spaces because of its compact size. You can fit more track, scenery, and trains in a smaller area, making it perfect for people with limited space for their layouts.
• Detail: While N scale offers impressive detail for its size, it can be harder to work with due to the smaller components. It’s ideal for modelers who want to build intricate layouts but may require more patience and precision.
• Popular For: Those with space limitations or who want to create more complex, compact layouts.

2. HO Scale (1:87)

• Size: HO scale is the most popular scale in model railroading, where 1 inch on the model equals 87 inches in real life (roughly 7.25 feet).
• Layout Size: HO scale is a good middle ground in terms of layout size. It’s larger than N scale but still manageable in a reasonable amount of space. This scale allows for a lot of flexibility and the opportunity to create a large, detailed layout without requiring an overwhelming amount of space.
• Detail: HO scale provides excellent detail and is widely available with a huge variety of trains, accessories, and scenery options. It’s considered the best scale for most modelers due to its balance of size and detail.
• Popular For: Beginners and experienced modelers alike. If you’re looking for a great mix of size, detail, and available products, HO scale is a top choice.

3. O Scale (1:48)

• Size: O scale models are significantly larger, with a ratio of 1:48, meaning that 1 inch on the model represents 48 inches in real life (about 4 feet).
• Layout Size: O scale requires a lot more space for layouts due to its larger size. If you have a large area to dedicate to your layout or want to build something truly grand, O scale might be the best choice. However, it’s not ideal for small rooms or compact spaces.
• Detail: O scale allows for exceptional detail and realistic models, especially when it comes to engines, cars, and accessories. The larger components also make it easier to customize and work on the models.
• Popular For: Those who want large, detailed layouts and have the space to accommodate them. O scale is often favored by people who enjoy creating intricate, large-scale dioramas and have room to do so.

Key Differences at a Glance:

Which one is right for you?

• N Scale: Great for limited space, offering a lot of potential for small but detailed layouts.
• HO Scale: The most common scale for beginners and experienced modelers, providing a great balance of size, detail, and product availability.
• O Scale: Ideal for those with more space and who want larger, highly detailed models.

Each scale has its unique advantages depending on your space, budget, and the level of detail you want to achieve in your model train setup.

Choosing the right model train for your collection can be an exciting yet challenging task, given the variety of options available. Here are some key factors to consider when making your choice:

1. Scale

• Consider your space: The size of your layout will often determine the scale that works best for you. Smaller scales like N scale (1:160) are great for limited space, while larger scales like HO scale (1:87) or O scale (1:48) offer more detail but require more space.
• Match your existing collection: If you already have a few models in a specific scale, it might be easier to stick with that scale to maintain consistency in your collection.

2. Era and Type of Train

• Choose an era: Do you want to collect modern trains, or are you interested in vintage or historical models? Some collectors prefer specific time periods, such as steam locomotives from the early 1900s or modern diesel engines.
• Type of trains: Think about what kind of trains you’re passionate about—passenger trains, freight trains, or even specific railroad companies (like the famous Union Pacific or Santa Fe). Knowing the type of train you want to focus on will guide your choices.

3. Brand and Manufacturer

• Reputation: Certain brands are known for their quality, such as Bachmann, Hornby, Atlas, and Athern. If you’re just starting out, it might be easier to stick with well-known brands that are trusted for their reliability and detail.
• Price range: Higher-end models often come with more detail and superior craftsmanship but can be more expensive. For beginners, there are plenty of affordable options that still offer great quality.

4. Detail and Quality

• Detail level: Some collectors focus on models that are highly detailed, especially if they’re creating a specific historical scene or layout. Look for models that offer the level of detail that matches your vision.
• Material and finish: Consider the material of the model (plastic vs. metal), as well as how well it’s painted and finished. Metal models tend to be more durable, while plastic ones can offer more intricate details.

5. Purpose of Collection

• For running or display: Are you looking for models to run on your layout, or do you prefer to collect trains for display purposes? Some trains are better suited for running on tracks, while others may be more for show with highly detailed features but less focus on functionality.
• Investment value: If you’re interested in the investment potential, you may want to look into rare or limited-edition models, which can appreciate in value over time.

6. Compatibility with Your Layout

• Track gauge: Make sure the model train you choose is compatible with your existing track and layout setup. Different scales require different track sizes (e.g., N scale requires much narrower track than HO scale).
• Electrical system: If you have a digital command control (DCC) system, make sure the trains you choose are DCC-compatible. Similarly, if you’re running analog, check that the models are compatible with your system.

7. Condition and Availability

• New or used: Decide whether you want to purchase new models, which are widely available and come with warranties, or if you’re interested in used or vintage models, which may have a unique charm but could come with wear and tear.
• Availability: Some models may be limited edition or harder to find, so if you’re looking for something rare, be prepared for potentially higher prices or some hunting to find them.

8. Personal Interest

• Personal preference: Ultimately, the most important factor is what excites you personally. Whether you’re drawn to a particular railroad, a specific type of locomotive, or just a model with amazing craftsmanship, choosing something that sparks your interest will make your collection even more enjoyable.

Summary:

• Scale: Consider the size of your layout and existing collection.
• Era and Train Type: Focus on a specific time period or type of train.
• Brand and Price: Look for reputable brands and models that fit your budget.
• Detail and Quality: Choose the level of detail you desire based on your collection goals.
• Purpose: Decide if the model is for running on your layout or for display.
• Compatibility: Ensure the model works with your track and electrical setup.
• Condition: Decide between new, used, or vintage models based on your preferences.

By taking all of these factors into account, you’ll be well on your way to selecting the perfect model train(s) for your collection!

When building a model train layout, you’ll need various materials to create the base, track, scenery, and structures. The materials you use will depend on the type of layout you’re creating, the scale of your trains, and the level of detail you want to achieve. Here’s a breakdown of the most common materials used in different aspects of model train layouts:

1. Base Materials

• Plywood: Plywood is one of the most common materials used for the base of a train layout. It provides a solid, stable foundation for the track and scenery. Typically, a 1/2-inch or 3/4-inch thick plywood sheet is ideal for most layouts.
• Foam Board: Foam board is a lightweight, easy-to-cut material that’s often used in smaller or portable layouts. It’s especially useful for creating realistic terrain like hills and valleys because it can be easily carved and shaped.
• Homemade Foam: Expanded polystyrene foam or extruded foam is another common material for creating realistic terrain. It’s easy to work with, lightweight, and affordable, making it a favorite for both beginners and advanced modelers.
• MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard): MDF is a denser, smooth material that provides a solid surface for track laying. It’s often used in larger layouts but can be heavier than plywood or foam.

2. Track and Roadbed Materials

• Track: Model train tracks are available in various scales and materials. Nickel-silver and steel are common materials for track rails, with nickel-silver being more resistant to corrosion and providing better conductivity for electrical systems.
• Wooden Roadbed: For more realistic layouts, you can use pre-made wooden roadbed (often made from cork or foam) underneath the track to simulate the ballast (gravel) found on real train tracks. This material helps keep the track level and makes for a more stable installation.
• Cork: Cork sheets are often used under the track to create a roadbed. It provides a good foundation, helps reduce noise, and can be shaped easily to simulate real track features.
• Ballast: Ballast (gravel or small stones) is placed around the track to give it a realistic look and stabilize the track. Ballast is often made from small rocks, crushed stone, or specially designed model ballast material.

3. Scenery Materials

• Plaster or Sculptamold: These materials are often used for creating the underlying shape of mountains, hills, and other landforms. Sculptamold is a quicker-drying alternative to plaster and is often preferred for beginners.
• Foam (Carving Foam): For detailed terrain shaping, carving foam is an easy and effective material. It can be used to create realistic slopes, valleys, and mountain ranges and is lightweight, making it ideal for large layouts.
• Modeling Clay: Some modelers use air-drying or polymer-based modeling clay to create rock formations, custom structures, or small details in the landscape.
• Grass and Turf: To simulate grass, you can use static grass or ground foam. Static grass is applied using a special applicator that makes the grass stand upright, giving a more realistic look. Ground foam can be sprinkled over a surface to create textured grass or moss.
• Trees and Plants: You can either buy pre-made model trees or make your own using wire, foam, or natural materials like twigs and lichen. Woodland Scenics and similar brands offer a variety of model trees, plants, and bushes for all scales.
• Moss and Foliage: Small bits of moss, shredded foam, or flocking can be used to add realism to the ground cover and simulate bushes, undergrowth, or small plants.
• Water: If you’re creating rivers, lakes, or ponds, products like realistic water, resin, or acrylic paints can help simulate realistic water features. Many modelers also use clear casting resin to create flowing water.

4. Building Materials

• Cardboard: Cardboard is often used as a base material for building structures such as stations, warehouses, and bridges. It can be cut, painted, and textured to mimic real-world building materials.
• Styrene Sheets: Styrene plastic sheets are commonly used for scratch-building custom buildings, such as stations, factories, or other structures. They’re easy to cut, glue, and paint, making them a favorite among modelers.
• Wood: Wood can be used for building structures, such as platforms, bridges, and houses. Balsa wood is a soft, lightweight wood commonly used for scratch-building buildings.
• Plastic Kits: Many modelers buy pre-made plastic kits to build buildings, train stations, and other structures. These kits often come with detailed instructions and parts, making them easy to assemble.
• Brick and Stone Paper: For buildings or walls, you can use specialized paper or decals that mimic brick, stone, or other materials. These can be glued to cardboard, foam, or styrene sheets.

5. Electrical Materials

• Wires and Connectors: Electrical wiring is essential for powering the trains, lights, and accessories. You’ll need various gauges of wire (usually 18 AWG for power and smaller gauges for accessories) and connectors to ensure everything is hooked up properly.
• Power Packs or DCC Systems: For controlling the trains, you’ll need a power pack (for analog setups) or a DCC system (for digital control of multiple trains and accessories).
• Switches and Turnouts: For controlling the track and allowing trains to change tracks, you’ll need turnouts (also called switches) and controllers. These can be manual or electrically powered, depending on the complexity of your layout.

6. Tools and Adhesives

• Glue: Model train layouts require a variety of adhesives. Wood glue or white glue is good for building structures and scenery, while super glue is used for small, precise applications. For track, track glue or hot glue can help secure track pieces.
• Paint: Acrylic or enamel paints are commonly used for both scenery and structures. You’ll need different colors for painting the track, buildings, and landscape features.
• Tools: Common tools include hobby knives, scissors, wire cutters, paintbrushes, pliers, and small screwdrivers for building and assembling your layout.

Summary:

• Base materials: Plywood, foam board, MDF, and foam for terrain.
• Track and roadbed materials: Nickel-silver or steel track, cork, wooden roadbed, and ballast.
• Scenery materials: Plaster, foam, ground foam, static grass, trees, and realistic water.
• Building materials: Cardboard, styrene sheets, wood, plastic kits, and brick/stone paper.
• Electrical materials: Wires, connectors, DCC systems, power packs, and turnouts.
• Adhesives and tools: Glue, paints, and essential tools like hobby knives and wire cutters.

The materials you choose will depend on your layout’s scale, theme, and level of detail. By combining the right materials and techniques, you can create a realistic and stunning model train layout!

There are several places where you can buy model trains and accessories, whether you’re looking for new products, used items, or rare collectibles. Here are some of the best options:

1. Specialized Hobby Shops

• Local Hobby Stores: Many cities have dedicated hobby shops that carry a wide selection of model trains, tracks, scenery, and accessories. These stores are great for hands-on shopping, where you can ask experts for advice and see products in person.
• Online Hobby Shops: If you prefer shopping online, many hobby shops offer a wide range of model trains and accessories, along with detailed descriptions and customer reviews. Some popular online hobby shops include:
  
  • Hobby Lobby – Offers a variety of model train products, including accessories, scenery, and track.
  • The Train Station – Known for carrying model trains, scenery, and accessories from top brands like Bachmann, Lionel, and Atlas.
  • TrainWorld – Specializes in model trains, accessories, and DCC systems with a large selection for all scales.

2. Online Marketplaces

• eBay: A great place to find both new and used model trains. You can often find rare or discontinued models, along with a wide selection of accessories, tools, and scenery materials.
• Amazon: Offers a variety of model train brands and accessories. With customer reviews, it’s easy to see which products are popular and well-rated.
• Etsy: For handmade or custom items, Etsy is a good choice. Many sellers offer unique model train accessories, diorama elements, and custom-built layouts.

3. Manufacturer Websites

If you have a specific brand in mind, you can buy directly from the manufacturer’s website. Popular brands like Bachmann, Hornby, Atlas, and Athern sell their products directly or provide a list of authorized retailers.

• Bachmann Trains: Offers trains, track, scenery, and accessories for all skill levels.
• Lionel: Known for high-quality model trains, including classic and modern designs.
• Atlas Model Railroad: Specializes in track, trains, and accessories in various scales, particularly HO and N scale.

4. Specialty Model Train Retailers

• Model Train Stuff: A dedicated model train retailer offering a vast selection of products from top brands. They offer everything from locomotives to scenery kits and tracks.
• Walthers: A well-known retailer in the model train world, offering a wide range of products for HO and N scales, including detailed buildings, trains, and layout accessories.
• Micro-Mark: Specializes in tools, parts, and accessories for model railroads, including precision tools for building and customizing layouts.

5. Secondhand and Collectible Stores

• Flea Markets and Swap Meets: Many model train collectors find great deals at local flea markets, train shows, or model railroad swap meets. These events often feature vendors selling used or rare trains and accessories.
• Thrift Stores: Sometimes, secondhand stores like Goodwill or Salvation Army can have unexpected treasures, including old model trains and parts.
• Facebook Marketplace or Craigslist: Local buying and selling groups often feature listings for used model trains. It’s a great place to find deals or get items that are no longer in production.

6. Train Shows and Conventions

• Model Train Shows: Attending model train shows or conventions can be a great way to find unique products. These events feature numerous vendors selling new and used model trains, as well as workshops and demonstrations.
• National Train Show: This annual event, organized by the National Model Railroad Association (NMRA), is one of the largest model train conventions in the U.S. It features hundreds of exhibitors selling model trains and accessories.

7. Local Classifieds and Groups

• Facebook Groups: Many model train communities have Facebook groups where members buy, sell, and trade trains and accessories.
• Reddit: Subreddits like r/modeltrains are great places to connect with other modelers who might have items for sale or who can recommend trusted retailers.

8. Big-Box Retailers

• Walmart: While not as specialized as hobby shops, Walmart does carry some model train sets, usually in larger scales like HO or O. They often carry beginner kits and starter sets from brands like Bachmann and Lionel.
• Target: Similar to Walmart, Target may carry some entry-level model trains, but their selection is generally more limited compared to dedicated hobby shops.

Summary:

• Local hobby shops: For personal service and a hands-on shopping experience.
• Online hobby shops: Websites like Hobby Lobby, TrainWorld, and HobbyLink Japan have a wide selection.
• Online marketplaces: Platforms like eBay, Amazon, and Etsy for both new and used items.
• Manufacturer websites: Brands like Bachmann, Lionel, and Atlas sell directly or list authorized retailers.
• Model train retailers: Specialized retailers like Model Train Stuff, Walthers, and Micro-Mark have extensive collections.
• Secondhand stores: Flea markets, thrift stores, and Facebook Marketplace for vintage or used items.
• Train shows and conventions: For unique finds and in-person shopping.